Operators In C++

Posted on December 7, 2023 by Vishesh Namdev

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Operators in C++ are symbols that represent computations or operations on variables and values. They are fundamental building blocks in C++ programming, and they can be classified into several categories based on their functionality.

Operators in C++ can be classified into 5 types:

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Assignment Operators
3. Relational Operators
4. Logical Operators
5. Bitwise Operators

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators in C++ are used to perform basic mathematical operations on numeric values.

#include <iostream> Copy Code
using namespace std;

int main () {
int a = 10 , b = 3 ;

int sum = a + b; // Addition
cout << " Sum: " << sum << endl;

int difference = a - b; // Subtraction
cout << " Difference: " << difference << endl;

int product = a * b; // Multiplication
cout << " Product: " << product << endl;

int quotient = a / b; // Division
cout << " Quotient: " << quotient << endl;

int remainder = a % b; // Modulus
cout << " Remainder: " << remainder << endl;

return 0 ;
}

2. Assignment Operators

The assignment operator in C++ is denoted by the equal sign (=). It is used to assign a value to a variable.

int x = 10 ; // Assigning the value 10 to the variable x

Additionally, there are compound assignment operators that combine an arithmetic operation with assignment. These operators include:

1. += (Add and assign)
2. -= (Subtract and assign)
3. *= (Multiply and assign)
4. /= (Divide and assign)
5. %= (Modulus and assign)

#include <iostream> Copy Code
using namespace std;

int main () {
int x = 5 ;
// Compound Assignment Operators
x += 3 ; // x = x + 3;
cout << " x += 3: " << x << endl; // Output: x += 3: 8

x -= 2 ; // x = x - 2;
cout << " x -= 2: " << x << endl; // Output: x -= 2: 6

x *= 4 ; // x = x * 4;
cout << " x *= 4: " << x << endl; // Output: x *= 4: 24

x /= 3 ; // x = x / 3;
cout << " x /= 3: " << x << endl; // Output: x /= 3: 8

x %= 5 ; // x = x % 5;
cout << " x %= 5: " << x << endl; // Output: x %= 5: 3

return 0 ;
}

3. Relational Operators

Relational operators in C++ are used to compare two values and determine the relationship between them. These operators return a Boolean result, indicating whether the specified relationship is true or false.

1. Equal to (==): Checks if two values are equal.
2. Not equal to (!=): Checks if two values are not equal.
3. Greater than (>): Checks if the left operand is greater than the right operand.
4. Less than (<): Checks if the left operand is less than the right operand.
5. Greater than or equal to (>=): Checks if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.
6. Less than or equal to (<=): Checks if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.

#include <iostream> Copy Code
using namespace std;

int main () {
int a = 5 , b = 10 ;
// Relational operators
if (a == b) {
cout << " a is equal to b " << endl;
}

if (a != b) {
cout << " a is not equal to b " << endl;
}

if (a > b) {
cout << " a is greater than b " << endl;
}

if (a < b) {
cout << " a is less than b " << endl;
}

if (a >= b) {
cout << " a is greater than or equal to b " << endl;
}

if (a <= b) {
cout << " a is less than or equal to b " << endl;
}
return 0 ;
}

4. Logical Operators

Logical operators in C++ are used to perform logical operations on Boolean values. These operators combine two or more Boolean expressions and produce a result based on the truth or falsity of those expressions.

1. Logical AND (&&): Returns true if both operands are true; otherwise, it returns false

if (condition1 && condition2)

2.Logical OR (||): Returns true if at least one of the operands is true; returns false if both are false

if (condition1 || condition2)

3. Logical NOT (!): Returns true if the operand is false; returns false if the operand is true. It negates the given condition.

if (!condition)

Example of Logical Operator:

#include <iostream> Copy Code
using namespace std;

int main () {
int a = 1 , b = 0 ;
cout << "The value of a && b is " << (a && b) << endl;
cout << "The value of a || b is " << (a || b) << endl;
cout << "The value of !a is " << (!a) << endl;
return 0 ;
}

5. Bitwise Operators

Arithmetic operators in C++ are used to perform basic mathematical operations on numeric values.

#include <iostream> Copy Code
using namespace std;

int main () {
int a = 22 ; // The Binary of 22 is 10110
int b = 18 ; //The BInary of 18 is 10010
cout << " The value of a & b is " << (a & b) << endl;
cout << " The value of a | b is " << (a | b) << endl;
cout << " The value of a ^ b is " << (a ^ b) << endl;
cout << " The value of ~a is " << (~a) << endl;
cout << " The value of a >> 2 is " << (a >> 2) << endl;
cout << " The value of a << 2 is " << (a << 2) << endl;
return 0 ;
}