Python Input and Output (I/O)

Python provides simple and powerful functions to interact with the user and external files. Input allows a program to receive data, while output displays or stores the results.

Output using print()

The print() function is used to display information on the screen.

print("Welcome to TRC Tutorials")

Printing variables

name = "Student"
print("Hello", name)

Using f-strings (formatted strings)

print(f"Hello, {name}!")

Common print() Parameters

The print() function has optional parameters to control formatting.

sep: separator between values

print("Python", "is", "fun", sep="-") # Output: Python-is-fun

end: what to print at the end

print("Hello", end=" ")
print("World") # Output: Hello World

Input using input()

The input() function pauses the program and waits for the user to type something. It always returns the value as a string.

user_name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello " + user_name)

Converting Input to Other Data Types

Since input is always a string, you often need to convert it.

Convert to integer

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
print(f"You will be {age + 1} next year.")

Convert to float

price = float(input("Enter the price: "))
print("Price with tax:", price * 1.18)

Taking Multiple Inputs

You can take multiple values in a single line using split().

Input: 10 20

a, b = input("Enter two numbers: ").split()
print(a, b)

Converting to integers

x, y = map(int, input("Enter two numbers: ").split())
print(x + y)

Taking a List as Input

You can store multiple inputs as a list.

Input: 1 2 3 4 5

numbers = list(map(int, input("Enter numbers: ").split()))
print(numbers)

Formatted Output

Python provides different ways to format output.

name = "Alice"
score = 95

Using f-strings (recommended)

print(f"{name} scored {score} marks.")

Using format() method

print("{} scored {} marks.".format(name, score))

Controlling Decimal Places

You can control the number of decimal places in output.

pi = 3.14159
print(f"{pi:.2f}") # Output: 3.14